Regenerative Agriculture - Regenerative Agriculture
Sustainable Practices
Regenerative Agriculture

KFBG demonstrates sustainable farming techniques, including composting, soil conservation, and orchard management, to enhance soil health and support regenerative agriculture.

Diversified Food Production Strategies

While monoculture is easier to manage, its “efficiency” often comes at a hidden environmental and energy cost. KFBG has consistently pursued diversified production strategies to enrich our product range, reduce risks, and better promote a localised, resource-recycling development model.

What we grow

Detailed Production Categories

Vegetables and Herbs

A spread of freshly harvested vegetables including kale, chard, lettuce, red cabbage, spring onions and ginger

In recent decades, vegetable farming has dominated Hong Kong’s agriculture. KFBG maintains one hectare of vegetable fields, growing over 60 types of seasonal vegetables, including leafy greens, gourds, beans, Solanaceae, and root crops. However, as vegetable farming is water-intensive and KFBG has limited flat land and water resources, we carefully regulate the scale of vegetable production.

In addition to vegetables, we grow over 20 types of herbs, including Chinese varieties like coriander and garlic, Western herbs like mint, and tropical herbs like lemongrass and basil.

Fruits

Unripe green flowering apricots ripening on the branch among fresh leaves

Our orchard grows over 20 types of fruits suited to South China’s climate, with higher-yielding varieties including bananas, papayas, guavas, pomelos, and flowering apricots. We also maintain a small fruit seedling nursery to support our agricultural outreach efforts.

Tea and Coffee

Hands turning freshly picked tea leaves in a large steel pan during pan-firing

Since the 1970s and 1980s, KFBG has experimented with tea and coffee cultivation, establishing tea and coffee gardens in the upland areas. Tea production focuses on green tea, while coffee primarily involves Arabica varieties.

Beyond in-house production, these gardens promote Hong Kong tea and local coffee, with coffee seedlings also supplied externally.

Chickens

A reddish-brown hen standing in front of a stone wall

Our farm raises approximately 1,500 chicken, including breeds from China (Yellow Huizhou and White Huizhou), the United States (New Hampshire), and a unique hybrid developed at KFBG — the Pak Ngau Shek Chicken.

The White Huizhou chicken holds significant conservation value, while the Pak Ngau Shek Chicken was once a popular breed in Hong Kong. We carefully preserve both.

These chickens provide fresh, healthy eggs daily and play a vital role in organic resource recycling, as their manure is essential for our compost production.

Honeybees

Chinese honeybees clustered at the entrance slot of a wooden hive

Our apiary maintains over 50 beehives. Fruit trees on our farm and nearby secondary forests on the northern slopes of Tai Mo Shan provide valuable and reliable nectar sources.

We choose Chinese honeybees, well-suited to the local environment, and avoid chemical treatments like antibiotics. Major nectar sources include fruit trees like lychee and longan, as well as native trees such as Ivy Tree and Machilus.

Aquaponics

Aquaponic grow beds planted with lettuce, mustard greens and marigolds, linked by white pipework

We operate a small aquaponics system, primarily raising Jade Perch. Fish waste from the system serves as fertiliser for vegetable cultivation.

Open to visitors

Agricultural Demonstration Sites

Within the Lower Farm area, three agricultural demonstration sites are open to the public:

Eco-Garden

A path winding through the Eco-garden between flowering borders, vegetable beds, fennel and banana plants, with hills behind

This showcases the feasibility of urban farming. Through a simple farm design, it includes multi-layered crop cultivation such as cover crops, vegetables, herbs, shrubs, and fruit trees.

The garden features vibrant-coloured vegetables, edible flowers, and aromatic herbs that stimulate the sense of smell, creating an edible landscape that combines aesthetic appeal with educational elements.

One-Dou Farm

Stone steps rising between planted terraces and netted crop beds, with wooded hillsides on both sides

“Dou” is a unique Hong Kong unit of agricultural land measurement, approximately 675 square metres. Though small, a one-dou field can produce enough vegetables to feed multiple people if utilised effectively.

This area serves as a demonstration of soil conservation and aquatic crop cultivation, as well as a practical training ground for our public activities.

Fruit Forest

Metal steps leading up into the Fruit Forest, with a wooden signboard reading Fruit Forest in Chinese and English

This area cultivates over 20 types of fruits suited to Hong Kong’s climate, including wild fruits, coffee, and more. Despite its name, the forest orchard also grows herbs, shrubs, and climbing plants that thrive among fruit trees, including functional agricultural crops such as derris, green manure, and hedgerows.

This showcases a three-dimensional, diverse agricultural landscape.

How we manage

Sustainable Agricultural Management

Adapting to Natural Environment

Built along a hillside, KFBG features varying slopes and an elevation difference of several hundred metres, with a perennial stream running through the valley. This diverse topography creates unique microclimates, allowing us to design crop production layouts that align harmoniously with natural water and soil resources.

Terraced planting strips on the upper hillside seen from above, with the New Territories valley in the haze beyond
Upper HillsideAt around 400 metres elevation, the misty slopes proved ideal for planting about 1,000 tea trees on windy, sunlit terraces. Shadier, less windy slopes are used for our coffee garden, and both thrive at KFBG.
Mid-Hill OrchardOur low-maintenance orchards are situated on the gentler mid-hill terraces.
Lower HillsideAt approximately 200 metres elevation, the low-hill terraces serve as a key production zone. This area also hosts demonstration farms like the Eco-garden, Fruit Forest, and One-dou Farm for public visits and outreach.

Soil and Water Resource Management

Soil and water are precious natural resources. As a model for sustainable agriculture, KFBG is committed to managing them responsibly to maintain harmony between agricultural production and the natural ecosystem.

Soil Protection

Garlic plants growing up through a thick straw mulch spread across the bed

Topsoil is the most valuable asset in agriculture. To prevent depletion, we avoid high-powered tillage machines and use mulching to protect the fields. We refrain from burning fields or using chemical inputs, applying compost regularly instead. Barriers are also installed on terrace edges to minimise soil erosion.

Water Conservation

Hens moving across a deep bed of woodchips inside the chicken house, the bedding that absorbs manure in place of washing it down

Our irrigation relies on the stream near Kwun Yum Shan, the lifeline of KFBG. We adopt a “spending within means” strategy, using available water carefully without planting unsuited, water-intensive crops. We also practise water-efficiency by:

  • Wastewater Reuse: Water used to clean produce, which contains only minor sediment, is collected and reused for irrigation without harming the environment.
  • Woodchip Manure Absorption: Instead of using large amounts of water to clean chicken manure, we use the deep bedding method, with woodchips absorbing it, significantly reducing water use and pollution.
Closing the loop

Organic Resource Recycling

Effective resource recycling ensures sustainable energy flow. KFBG employs composting and wetland strategies to manage solid and liquid waste.

A skid-steer loader turning a steaming compost windrow inside the open-sided compost shed

Composting

Each year, we process organic matter like pruned branches and fallen trees, combining them with chicken manure to produce compost. Our unit produces over 30 tonnes annually for our fields and external sales.

A terraced reed bed of the constructed wetland system planted with young sedges, overlooking wooded slopes

Constructed Wetland System

Sewage is treated via a wetland system where plants absorb nutrients. These plants later become compost material, while the purified water is reused for flushing toilets within KFBG.

Beyond the crops

Animal Welfare

While focusing on crops, KFBG ensures the environments for our chickens, fish, and honeybees align with their natural behaviours.

Hens ranging in a large semi-outdoor run fitted with a raised platform and a slide to climb on

Chickens

We reject factory-style cages, providing semi-outdoor spaces with woodchips and perches to allow natural behaviours like scratching, jumping, and flying.

A honeybee feeding on a cluster of pink blossoms in bright sunlight

Honeybees

We raise Chinese honeybees that are well-adapted to the local climate, requiring no chemical treatments and holding high ecological value.

Jade Perch swimming in the aquaponics tank beside the inlet pipe

Fish

We use water from the Tai Mo Shan River to raise the fish in our aquaponics system, reducing the impact of chlorine in tap water on the fish. We also adjust the number of fish according to their size, ensuring they can live without stress.

Pathways

Explore Our Regenerative Journey

Select a pathway below to discover our history, technical practices, or ways to join our community.